This category covers a wide range of projects that aim to reduce and avoid emissions versus business as usual. Examples include: renewable energy, destruction of refrigerants that would otherwise be vented to the atmosphere, and capture of methane emitted from landfills.

This category typically consists of nature-based projects that help retain an existing source of natural carbon storage that would otherwise be at risk — for example, rainforests that would be cut down for development or peat bogs that might be drained for agriculture.

This category typically consists of nature-based projects that remove existing carbon and store it in new plants, trees, or soil — for example, planting trees in an area that has previously been clear cut or restoring plant life to tidal wetlands.

This is a highly diverse category of projects that includes cutting-edge engineered solutions that hold significant promise but are not yet available at scale. Examples include direct air capture technology and storage of carbon through enhanced rock weathering.